Fig 1.
Development of average density in built-up areas, in a global sample of 120 cities, 1990–2000 [6].
Fig 2.
Workflow of the approach.
Fig 3.
Operationalisation of population density changes under different outcomes of urban population development and built-up areas [9].
Fig 4.
Density changes 1990–2010 for large and small urban areas.
Table 1.
Frequencies, average changes for four types of density changes and f-tests for differences between growing and shrinking urban areas.
Table 2.
Frequencies of urban areas with density changes (+/- in heuristic) in different constellations of changes to the population and residential areas.
Fig 5.
Spatial distribution and frequencies of density change patterns.