Table 1.
Target genes and their biological function.
Fig 1.
Performance parameters during the neonatal period of Jersey calves.
Starter intake (A), fecal scores (B), withers height (C), body weight (D), and average daily gain (ADG) (E). The P values for main effect of time are shown in each plot. The time effect (P< 0.10) was further analyzed in starter intake and fecal scores through orthogonal contrast in order to determine linear (L) and quadratic (Q) effects over time. Values are means, with standard errors represented by vertical bars.
Fig 2.
Profiles of energy (Glucose and BHBA) and muscle mass catabolism (Creatinine and urea) metabolites in blood during the neonatal period in Jersey dairy calves.
The time effect (P< 0.10) was further analyzed through orthogonal contrast in order to determine linear (L) and quadratic (Q) effects over time. Values are means, with standard errors represented by vertical bars.
Fig 3.
Profiles of liver function [albumin, cholesterol, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), paraoxonase (PON), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)] metabolites in blood during the neonatal period of Jersey dairy calves.
The time effect (P< 0.10) were further analyzed through orthogonal contrast in order to determine linear (L) and quadratic (Q) effects over time. Values are means, with standard errors represented by vertical bars.
Fig 4.
Profiles of inflammatory response (haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, IL-6, SAA, and IL-1β) biomarkers in blood during the neonatal period in Jersey dairy calves.
The time effect (P< 0.10) were further analyzed through orthogonal contrast in order to determine linear (L) and quadratic (Q) effects over time. An overall trend for an increase (P ≤ 0.08) in IL-1β at wk 1 in comparison to wk 0, 2, 3, and 4 was denoted by an asterisk (*). Values are means, with standard errors represented by vertical bars.
Fig 5.
Profiles of oxidative stress [reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] biomarkers in blood during the neonatal period in Jersey calves.
The time effect (P < 0.10) were further analyzed through orthogonal contrast in order to determine linear (L) and quadratic (Q) effects over time. Values are means, with standard errors represented by vertical bars.
Fig 6.
Expression of genes related to the activation of the innate immune system (TLR2 and TLR4) and pro-inflammatory response (NFKB1, TNFA, IL1B, IL8, and IFNG) in fecal samples collected during the neonatal period of Jersey calves.
The time effect (P< 0.10) were further analyzed through orthogonal contrast in order to determine linear (L) and quadratic (Q) effects over time. Values are means, with standard errors represented by vertical bars.
Fig 7.
Expression of genes coding for proteins involved in ions (SLC5A1, SLC2A2) and water (AQP3) transporters, in fecal samples collected during the neonatal period of Jersey calves.
The time effect (P < 0.10) were further analyzed through orthogonal contrast in order to determine linear (L) and quadratic (Q) effects over time. The P values for main effect of time are shown in each plot. Values are means, with standard errors represented by vertical bars.