Fig 1.
Overall workflow of the study.
AGS American Geriatrics Society; ADE adverse drug event, BCM Beers Criteria medication.
Table 1.
Demographics of the study population.
Table 2.
Exposure of South Korean and US geriatrics to Beers Criteria medications not recommended in geriatrics regardless of concomitant disease or drugs.
Table 3.
Rate and number of the geriatric population in South Korea at risk of adverse drug events from Beers Criteria medications (80 BCM-ADE pairs).
Table 4.
Rate and number of the geriatric population in the US at risk of adverse drug events from Beers Criteria medications (159 BCM-ADE pairs).
Fig 2.
Mean (SD) proportion of South Koreans on Beers Criteria medications >1 day and ≤1 day at risk of Beers Criteria medication related adverse drug events grouped by system organ class.
The population number used as the denominator to obtain the proportion in the y-axis was the number of South Korean geriatrics 65 years of age or older, n = 166,822. The SOCs were A cardiac disorders (Beers Criteria medication-ADE pairs, n = 5); B eye disorders (n = 1); C gastrointestinal disorders (n = 13); D general disorders and administration site conditions (n = 6); E hepatobiliary disorders (n = 1); F injury, poisoning and procedural complications (n = 2); G investigations (n = 5); H metabolism and nutrition disorders (n = 1); I musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (n = 1); J nervous system disorders (n = 18); K psychiatric disorders (n = 11); L renal and urinary disorders (n = 1); M reproductive system and breast disorders (n = 1); N skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (n = 3); O vascular disorders (n = 4); P composite of multiple SOCs (n = 7). ADE adverse drug event; BCM Beers Criteria medication; SOC system organ class; SD standard deviation.
Fig 3.
Mean (SD) proportion of South Koreans on Beers Criteria medications >1 day and US geriatrics at risk of Beers Criteria medication related adverse drug events grouped by system organ class.
The SOCs were A blood and lymphatic system disorders (Beers Criteria medication-ADE pairs, n = 0 for South Korea, n = 2 for US); B cardiac disorders (n = 5 for South Korea, n = 15 for US); C eye disorders (n = 1 for South Korea, n = 1 for US); D gastrointestinal disorders (n = 13 for South Korea, n = 30 for US); E general disorders and administration site conditions (n = 6 for South Korea, n = 15 for US); F hepatobiliary disorders (n = 1 for South Korea, n = 0 for US); G injury, poisoning and procedural complications (n = 2 for South Korea, n = 3 for US); H investigations (n = 5 for South Korea, n = 2 for US); I metabolism and nutrition disorders (n = 1 for South Korea, n = 6 for US); J musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (n = 1 for South Korea, n = 3 for US); K nervous system disorders (n = 18 for South Korea, n = 33 for US); L psychiatric disorders (n = 11 for South Korea, n = 22 for US); M renal and urinary disorders (n = 1 for South Korea, n = 4 for US); N reproductive system and breast disorders (n = 1 for South Korea, n = 1 for US); O respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders (n = 0 for South Korea, n = 1 for US); P skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (n = 3 for South Korea, n = 2 for US); Q surgical and medical procedures (n = 0 for South Korea, n = 2 for US); R vascular disorders (n = 4 for South Korea, n = 9 for US); S composite of multiple SOCs (n = 7 for South Korea, n = 8 for US). ADE adverse drug event; SOC system organ class; SD standard deviation.