Fig 1.
The schematic diagram of supply chain network, which is a network with manufactures as the core.
Fig 2.
The schematic diagram about the change trends of flow and scale over time.
The values are calculated according to Eqs (5) and (4). In these two equations, F0 = 0.3, λ = 0.818, a = 1, b = 0.1, εF(t) is white noise, whose amplitude is 0.1.
Fig 3.
The layer active probability () as function of layer I is defined as smile curve.
Fig 4.
The flow diagram of the supply chain evolution.
Fig 5.
The initial supply chain network we select, which includes five layers, 21 node enterprises, 28 partnerships (edges) and two manufactures.
The 3rd layer is manufacture layer.
Fig 6.
The trends about four indices of the whole supply chain and five layers with the change of time step, where (a) is the trends of node number, (b) is the trends of edge number, (c) is the trends of average layer link density, (d)is the trends of average strength.
Table 1.
The change ranges of the three parameters about external market demand.
Fig 7.
Effect of nature growth rate to four indices of evolution network, where (a) is node number, (b) is edge number, (c) is average layer link density and (d) is average strength.
Fig 8.
Effect of retardation coefficient to four indices of evolution network, where (a) is node number, (b) is edge number, (c) is average layer link density and (d) is average strength.
Fig 9.
Effect of random disturbance to four indices of evolution network, where (a) is node number, (b) is edge number, (c) is average layer link density and (d) is average strength.
Table 2.
The change ranges of the six parameters about internal competition and cooperation mechanisms.
Fig 10.
The trends of four topological indices of evolving supply chain network with the change of β.
(a) node number, (b) edge number, (c) average layer link density, (d) average strength.
Fig 11.
The trends of four topological indices of evolved supply chain network with the change of η (I) and μ(II).
(a) node number, (b) edge number, (c) average layer link density, (d) average strength.
Fig 12.
The trends of four topological indices of evolved supply chain network with the change of τ.
(a) node number, (b) edge number, (c) average layer link density, (d) average strength.
Fig 13.
Topology features of networks obtained by our evolution model, where (a) is an example of supply chain networks constructed by our model, (b) is average layer link density of different layers and (c) is average strength of different layers.
Table 3.
The CC between real and simulated network for ten top-ranked data.
Fig 14.
Topology features of network No. 11, where (a) is an example of supply chain network No.11, (b) is average layer link density of different layers and (c) is average strength of different layers.
Fig 15.
Topology features of network No. 17, where (a) is an example of supply chain network No.17, (b) is average layer link density of different layers and (c) is average strength of different layers.
Fig 16.
Topology features of network No. 31, where (a) is an example of supply chain network No.31, (b) is average layer link density of different layers and (c) is average strength of different layers.