Fig 1.
The physiological process of zinc uptake in a wheat plant via roots and leaves.
Table 1.
Primers used for real-time PCR study.
Table 2.
Zinc content in whole seeds from two durum wheat cultivars.
Fig 2.
Relative expression levels of ZIP genes in flag leaves of two durum wheat cultivars collected at 7, 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA).
a and b ZIP1 UC1114 and MACS 3125 cultivar, respectively. c and d ZIP3 UC1114 and MACS 3125 cultivar, respectively. e and f ZIP7 UC1114 and MACS 3125 cultivar, respectively. Mean±S.E.M. (n = 3). One-Way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001 vs control, #P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001 Zn-CNP vs ZnSO4, +P<0.05,++P<0.01,P<0.001 14 DAA vs 21 DAA.
Fig 3.
Relative expression levels (qRT-PCR, relative to actin expression) of ZIP genes in flag leaves of two durum wheat cultivars collected at 7, 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA).
a and b ZIP10 UC1114 and MACS 3125 cultivar, respectively. c and d ZIP15 UC1114 and MACS 3125 cultivar, respectively. Mean±S.E.M. (n = 3). One-Way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001 vs control, #P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001 Zn-CNP vs ZnSO4, +P<0.05,++P<0.01,P<0.001 14 DAA vs 21 DAA.
Fig 4.
Relative expression levels of phloem transporters in flag leaves of two durum wheat cultivars collected at 7, 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA).
a and b NAS2 UC1114 and MACS 3125 cultivar, respectively. c and d DMAS1 UC1114 and MACS 3125 cultivar, respectively. Mean±S.E.M. (n = 3). One-Way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001 vs control, #P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001 Zn-CNP vs ZnSO4, +P<0.05,++P<0.01,P<0.001 14 DAA vs 21 DAA.
Fig 5.
Relative expression levels of other genes in flag leaves of two durum wheat cultivars collected at 7, 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA).
a and b HMA UC1114 and MACS 3125 cultivar, respectively. c and d CA UC1114 and MACS 3125 cultivar, respectively. e and f SAG UC1114 and MACS 3125 cultivar, respectively. Mean±S.E.M. (n = 3). One-Way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001 vs control, #P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001 Zn-CNP vs ZnSO4, +P<0.05,++P<0.01,P<0.001 14 DAA vs 21 DAA.
Fig 6.
Schematic showing Zn-CNP dependent overall gene expression pattern across two durum wheat cultivars at 21 days after anthesis (DAA).
a: UC11114 and b: MACS 3125.
Table 3.
Correlation analysis between metal transport-related genes in flag leaves during grain development (14 and 21 DAA) and zinc content in grains in UC1114 and MACS 3125 cultivar.
Fig 7.
Representative chromatograms depicting separation of gluten proteins using RP-HPLC.
a: different subunits of gliadins, b: high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenins.
Fig 8.
Quantification of gluten proteins.
a: ω-gliadins, b: α and β gliadins, c: γ-gliadins and d: Low molecular weight (LMW) glutenins, Mean±SEM (n = 3). *P<0.05.