Table 1.
MKK genes in B. rapa genome and their sequence characteristics and physicochemical properties.
Fig 1.
Phylogenetic tree of MKK genes from B. rapa, B. napus, B. oleracea and A. thaliana.
The unrooted trees were constructed by using ClustalW in MEGA6 via the neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. Different species are indicated in different labels. A. thaliana: ■; B.rapa: ●; B.napus: ◆; B.oleracea: ▲. MKKs of B. rapa, B. napus, B. olearacea and A. thaliana were divided into four groups (A-D) highlighted by different colors, respectively.
Fig 2.
Phylogenetic tree of MPK genes from B. rapa, B. napus, B. oleracea and A. thaliana.
The unrooted trees were constructed by using ClustalW in MEGA6 via the neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. Different species are indicated in different labels. A. thaliana: ■; B.rapa: ●; B.napus: ◆; B.oleracea: ▲. MKKs of B. rapa, B. napus, B. olearacea and A. thaliana were divided into four groups (A-D) highlighted by different colors, respectively.
Fig 3.
Motif analysis of MKK (A) and MPK (B) gene families in B. rapa.
Protein sequences of BraMKKs and BraMPKs were used for alignment by MEME online program. BraMKKs and BraMPKs are grouped to the phylogenetic classification (A-D). Different colors of the squares represent different motifs and the grey lines indicate non-conserved sequences. The length of proteins and motifs can be estimated by scale at the bottom.
Fig 4.
The exon/intron structure of MKK (A) and MPK (B) genes in B. rapa.
Exons are represented by colorful boxes, and introns are reprensented by black lines. Introns and exons of BraMKKs and BraMPKs are grouped according to the phylogenetic classification (A-D). The exon and intron sizes can be estimated by the scale at the bottom.
Fig 5.
Distribution of BraMPKs and BraMKKs on B. rapa chromosomes.
Paralogous genes were represented by same colors and single-copy genes were colorless. Black arrows indicated the direction of genes in corresponding chromosomes. Chromosome locations of BraMKKs and BraMPKs can be estimated by scale in the left. 11 BraMKKs were mapped to 8 out of 10 chromosomes. 30 BraMPKs were mapped to 6 out of 10 chromosomes.
Fig 6.
Synteny mapping of MKK genes in B. rapa, B. napus and A. thaliana chromosomes.
Circle represents each chromosome of B. rapa, B. napus and A. thaliana. Synteny relationships were lined by Circos (http://circos.ca/). Lines with four different colors indicated four groups (A-D) of MKK gene family. Genes located on B. napus A genome are syntenic with genes of B. rapa and A. thaliana.
Fig 7.
Synteny mapping of MPK genes in B. rapa, B. napus and A. thaliana chromosomes.
Synteny relationships were lined by Circos (http://circos.ca/). Lines with four different colors indicated four groups (A-D) of MPK gene family. Genes located on B. napus A genome are syntenic with genes of B. rapa and A. thaliana.
Fig 8.
Expression patterns of MKK and MPK genes in different tissues of Chinese cabbage.
Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used for analyzing tissue specific expressions of MKK (A) and MPK (B) genes in B. rapa (CS NIL). BraMKKs and BraMPKs are grouped to the phylogenetic classification (A-D). Actin and 18s rRNA were used as internal control. CK: The cDNA pools of control samples. Pb: The cDNA pools of treated samples with P. brassicae. R: Root, H: hypocotyl, L: Leaf.
Fig 9.
Expression levels of MKK (A) and MPK (B) genes in roots after treatment with P. brassicae in both NILs.
Actin and 18s rRNA expression levels were used to normalize the data. All data is the mean of 3 biological replicates ± S.E. Significant differences are showed by * (p< 0.05) and ** (p< 0.01).