Fig 1.
Network linking C. vellerosus CR haplotypes (H1, H2…Hn).
Cross hatches on the net represent nucleotide differences between haplotypes. Circle sizes depend on haplotypes relative frequencies. Localities of origin of the samples are listed in “References”. Their geographic locations are depicted on the map with circles which have the same reference code. Size of these circles depends on number of individuals sampled in the locality and numbers in circle portions represent the relative frequencies of haplotypes found in each locality.
Table 1.
Haplotypes of C. vellerosus Control Region partial sequences and its polymorphic sites.
Haplotypes, polymorphic sites, relative frequencies (Rel.freq), GenBank name (Gbank name) and accession numbers (Gbank acc.) of C. vellerosus sequences.
Fig 2.
Compared mismatch distributions of the three groups of samples.
Group 1 includes all samples, Group 2 excludes samples from the coastal disjunct population and Group 3 excludes samples from the coastal disjunct population and from Bolivia). Exp: expected, Obs: observed. Mean number of pairwise differences, sum of square deviations, Harpending´s raggedness index, Tajima´s D and Fu´s index for each group of samples are presented in Table 2.
Fig 3.
C. vellerosus phylogeographic patterns depicted separately.
3a) and 3b) Contiguous range expansion; 3c) Restricted gene flow with isolation by distance; 3d) Long distance colonization. Black and grey dots: localities (codes following Fig 1 and S1 Table); haplotypes are between brackets; arrows indicate the direction of geographic expansion of derived haplotypes from their ancestor (H1 in 3a and 3d; H11 and H13 in 3b); grey segmented lines: distribution of H1 haplotype; black thin segmented line: geographic distribution of H3 and H12 haplotypes; black thin solid line: geographic distribution of H14; double black thin solid line: geographic distribution of H6, H13 and H15 haplotypes; black thick solid line: distribution of H5 haplotype.
Table 2.
Demography of C. vellerosus population.
Number of samples (n), mean number of pairwise differences (Mean n° of pairwise differences), sum of square deviations (SSd), Harpending´s raggedness index, Tajima´s D and Fu´s (Fs) index for each group of samples.