Fig 1.
A drawing of a livestock boma with flashlights installed.
The car battery is powered by a solar panel. The bulbs at the fence perimeter are connected through a wire from the flasher unit to flicker at night.
Fig 2.
A map of the study area showing the proportion of boma attacks prior to and after installation of the flashlight technique.
Empty circles (○) represent bomas where attacks had been reported before installation and none after installation. The partly filled circles (◔) represent bomas where attacks took place after flashlight installation. The stars (★) represent bomas of interview participants without flashlights.
Fig 3.
Mean number of attacks (±sd) by lions prior to and after installation of the LED flashlight technique based on 43 bomas with flashlights.
Fig 4.
Difference in the probability of lion attacks between the two categories of livestock bomas, (Yes = with Flashlight, No = without flashlight) between 2007 and 2016 based on GLMER model.
Fig 5.
Cumulative flashlights installed and Mean nocturnal and diurnal livestock predation at bomas with and without flashlights.
Table 1.
GLMER showing the significance variables in relation to predation around the park using likelihood ratio test.
Fig 6.
Mean number of nocturnal and diurnal boma attacks around NNP between 2007 and 2016 at different distances from the park boundary.
Fig 7.
Yearly mean distance of boma attack from the park boundary since the introduction of the flashlight technique south of NNP.
Fig 8.
Proportion of reported attacks on bomas at night for each type of livestock fencing materials.