Table 1.
Characteristics of participants.
Table 2.
Factors associated with increased breathlessness in the general population (n = 1,013).
Fig 1.
Sex difference in breathlessness.
The sex difference is measured as the odd ratio of having a higher modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score in women compared with men. Estimates are given not adjusting for lung function, and adjusted for relative or absolute lung function, respectively. All models were adjusted for age, pack years, FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal, body mass index, asthma, chronic bronchitis, heart disease, anxiety, and depression. List of abbreviations: OR = odds ration; for other abbreviations see Table 1.
Table 3.
Associations between absolute lung function and breathlessness adjusted for confounders.
Table 4.
Impact of lung function on the sex difference in breathlessness adjusting for confounders.