Fig 1.
Flowchart of case screening and measurement protocols.
Fig 2.
Ultrasonic images of calf muscles measured at rest: (a) tibialis anterior (TA), (b) medial gastrocnemius (MG), (c) lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and (d) soleus (SOL). θ indicates the pennation angle; APO, Aponeurosis; MT1 indicates the distance from the fiber distal end point to the superficial aponeurosis; MT2 indicates the distance from the fiber proximal end to the deep aponeurosis; Lm, Longest fiber length in the visible section by ultrasound.
Table 1.
Demographic, anthropometric and baseline data for the groups with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP), diplegic cerebral palsy (DCP), and typically developing (TD).
Results are shown as the mean (SD) or n (%).
Fig 3.
Comparison of at-rest muscle thickness (a), fascicle length (b), and pennation angle (c) in calf muscles among the groups with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP), diplegic cerebral palsy (DCP), and typically developing (TD) (mean ± SD). TA, tibialis anterior; MG, medial gastrocnemius; LG, lateral gastrocnemius; SOL, soleus. *Significant group difference (p<0.05).
Table 2.
Data for muscle architecture parameters in the groups with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP), diplegic cerebral palsy (DCP), and typically developing (TD).
The results are shown as the mean (SD).