Fig 1.
Schematic diagram of porous media modeling for coil embolization.
Fig 2.
Representative cerebral aneurysm in the basilar artery (A-B).
A, control computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model; B, porous media CFD. From left to right, segmentation of the neck plane (black) and intra-aneurysmal domain to define porous media (pink domain), streamline, inflow area (red), outflow area (blue), wall shear stress, and flow volume domain with a mean flow velocity > 1.0 cm/s (red domain) indicating residual flow volume (RFV) on the porous media CFD.
Fig 3.
Representative cerebral aneurysms.
A, right internal carotid artery aneurysm with complete occlusion; B, anterior communicating artery aneurysm with residual neck; C, right middle cerebral artery aneurysm with residual aneurysm on follow-up angiogram. From left to right, pre-coiling angiograms, post-coiling immediate angiograms, follow-up angiograms, segmentation of porous medium (pink domain), streamline at the post-coil embolization under the porous media model, and residual flow volume (RFV) with a mean flow velocity > 1.0 cm/s (red domain). Aneurysm volume (A:B:C = 54.8:255.4:146.7 mm3), coil packing density (38.7:24.3:24.7%), and RFV (3.7:27.1:56.5 mm3), respectively.
Table 1.
Characteristics of unruptured cerebral aneurysms treated by coil embolization.
Table 2.
Comparison of hemodynamic parameters using computational fluid dynamics analyses.
Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of independent parameters with respect to recurrence after coiling.
Table 4.
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses of coiled aneurysm recurrence.
Table 5.
Comparison of hemodynamic parameters using computational fluid dynamics analyses on transient analysis.
Fig 4.
Preoperative simulation of a right internal carotid artery aneurysm.
A, flow volume domain with a mean flow velocity > 1.0 cm/s (red domain) indicating residual flow volume (RFV) simulated by various coil packing densities. B, graph showing that the coil packing density must be >25% by RFV values in the preoperative simulation to prevent aneurysm recurrence.