Table 1.
Participant information.
Fig 1.
Illustration of group ICA that decomposed resting state fMRI data into independent spatiotemporal components, with core network ROIs.
We identified ICs as cognitively relevant resting state networks and selected core ROIs that anchored each network (black spheres). Anterior and posterior DMN components were combined into one DMN network. DMN core: Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC); DAN core: Intraparietal sulcus (IPS), frontal eye field (FEF); SAL core: Anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), anterior insula / frontal operculum (aIns/FO); FPN core: Middle frontal gyrus / dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (MFG), parietal lobule (inferior [IPL], superior [SPL]; VIS: Occipital pole (V1). The sample-specific template was derived from the group ICA, with each participant contributing a resting state scan to the ICA analysis (see Methods).
Table 2.
The core set of ROIs that anchored each network in order to characterize the associations between scholastic performance and functional connectivity between each network core and voxels throughout the brain.
Fig 2.
Total scholastic achievement-related differences in functional connectivity between each network core and voxels throughout the brain, via a mixed effects whole-brain model using FSL’s flameo.
We illustrate positive associations (red/yellow clusters) between total scholastic performance and functional connectivity with core network regions (white spheres [Fig 1]). The red/yellow clusters represent the brain regions that children with higher scholastic achievement integrate into each functional brain network. Significant clusters survive threshold of Z > 2.3 and p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons.
Fig 3.
Representative scatterplots of the associations between total scholastic performance and functional connectivity.
For each participant, we calculated functional connectivity between the core ROIs of the brain network with the significant brain region in the whole-brain flameo result.
Table 3.
Peak coordinates and Z-scores of significant clusters that correlate with functional connectivity within each network core.
e.g., Children with higher scholastic performance show greater functional connectivity between the DMN core (posterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex) and inferior frontal cortex and lateral occipital cortex.