Fig 1.
Influence of P. indica on flowering of Arabidopsis and silique numbers grown in soil.
(A) Picture of 5-week-old Arabidopsis (4 ecotypes) plants with (+P, right) or without (-P, left) P. indica inoculation. (B) Days until flowering. (C) Silique number of P. indica-colonized and non-colonized plants. Experiments were repeated independent for four times with similar results. “*” indicates significant difference (p<0.05) according to Student’s t-test.
Fig 2.
Influence of P. indica on flowering in Arabidopsis grown on sterile culture.
Picture (A) and flowering time (B) of 4-week Arabidopsis (4 ecotypes) plants with (+P, right) or without (-P, left) P. indica inoculation in sterile MS medium. Experiments repeated for four times and each replicate represents 18 samples. “*” indicates significant difference at p<0.05 according to Student’s t-test.
Fig 3.
Gene expression of key genes in photoperiod pathway responsible for flowering.
Col in sterile culture was chosen for gene expression. The samples were harvested 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13 DAI for RT-qPCR. Bars represent SEs of three technical repeates. Experiments were repeated independent for three times with similar results and one representative result was showed.
Fig 4.
Phenotype of Col plants colonized with or without P.indica under long day, neutral day, and short day conditions for 14 days.
Fig 5.
Gene expression of key genes in GA pathway responsible for flowering.
Col in sterile culture was chosen for gene expression. The samples were harvested at 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13 DAI for RT-qPCR. Bars represent SEs of three technical repeats. Experiments were repeated independent for three times with similar results and one representative result was showed.
Fig 6.
Effect of supplementation with GA, and uniconazole in MS medium on the flowering phenotype of P. indica-colonized Arabidopsis plants.
0.1 mM GA and 10 μM GA inhibitor uniconazole was added to the MS medium. Bars represent SEs and are based on 3 independent experiments.
Fig 7.
Gene expression of key genes in the autonomous and age pathways responsible for flowering.
Col in sterile culture was chosen for gene expression analyses. The samples were harvested at 8 DAI, 10 DAI, 11 DAI, 12 DAI, and 13 DAI for RT-qPCR. Bars represent SEs of three technical repeats. Experiments were repeated independent for three times with similar results and one representative result was showed.
Fig 8.
Gene expression of key genes in vernalization pathway responsible for flowering.
Col in sterile culture was chosen for gene expression. The samples were harvested at 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13 DAI for RT-qPCR. Bars represent SEs of three technical repeats. Experiments were repeated independent for three times with similar results and one representative result was showed.
Fig 9.
Major flowering pathway genes of Arabidopsis thaliana influenced by P.indica inoculation.
Positive and negative regulatory connections are indicated by arrows and lines with T-ends, respectively. Gene name abbreviations are explained in text.