Fig 1.
Representative images of the distance from CEJ to ABC in each group. Black arrows and dotted lines represent the CEJ and ABC, respectively (upper panels, H&E stain, scale bar = 100 μm). Measurements of the distance from CEJ to ABC in each group (lower panel, C, n = 6; P, n = 6; DP, n = 8; DP+IFX, n = 8 at each time point). Data are presented as mean ± SE. Data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffe’s test. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. * P < 0.05 compared to C group; # P < 0.05; C: control group; P: periodontitis group; DP: diabetes with periodontitis group; DP+IFX: diabetes with periodontitis treated with infliximab group.
Fig 2.
Cathepsin K-positive osteoclasts and RANKL-positive osteocytes in alveolar bone and IL-1β mRNA expression levels in gingival tissues.
(A) Representative images of the number of cathepsin K-positive multinucleated cells in each group. Red arrowheads represent cathepsin K-positive multinucleated cells (upper panels, scale bar = 100 μm). Quantification of the number of cathepsin K-positive multinucleated cells in each group (lower panel, C, n = 6; P, n = 6; DP, n = 8; DP+IFX, n = 8 at each time point). (B) Percentage of RANKL-positive osteocytes in each group (C, n = 6; P, n = 6; DP, n = 8; DP+IFX, n = 8 at each time point). (C) IL-1β mRNA expression levels in gingival tissues of each group (C, n = 3; P, n = 3; DP, n = 4; DP+IFX, n = 4 at each time point). Data are presented as mean ± SE. Data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffe’s test. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. * P < 0.05 compared to C group; # P < 0.05; n = number.
Fig 3.
Osteoid area in alveolar bone.
Representative images of osteoid area in each group. Black dotted lines indicate the osteoid area (upper panels, H&E stain, scale bar = 100 μm). Quantification of osteoid area in each group (lower panel, C, n = 6; P, n = 6; DP, n = 8; DP+IFX, n = 8 at each time point). Data are presented as mean ± SE. Data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffe’s test. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. * P < 0.05 compared to C group; # P < 0.05.
Fig 4.
Sclerostin expression in osteocytes of alveolar bone.
(A) Representative images of sclerostin-positive osteocytes in each group. White and red arrowheads indicate representative sclerostin-negative and -positive osteocytes, respectively (upper panels, immunohistochemistry stain, scale bar = 100 μm). Percentage of sclerostin-positive osteocytes in each group (lower panel, n = 6; P, n = 6; DP, n = 8; DP+IFX, n = 8 at each time point). (B) Sclerostin mRNA expression in each group (C, n = 3; P, n = 3; DP, n = 4; DP+IFX, n = 4 at each time point). Data are presented as mean ± SE. Data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffe’s test. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. * P < 0.05 compared to C group; # P < 0.05.