Fig 1.
In the 196 sites (pointed in the maps) from three areas of the extreme -west of the Southern of Brasil (Foz do Iguaçu, Santa Terezinha de Itaipu and transect between the two cities) dogs were sampled to determine the seroprevalence to leishmaniases.
In each site blood of five (or more) dogs were sampled and examinated serologically according to Brazil Health Ministery recommendation. The two test (DPP and Immunoassay) were realized simultanealy. We considered a positive animal when two serological exams were positives.
Table 1.
Extrinsic and intrinsic variable assessed in this study.
Table 2.
Number of positive patches to cVL (before the bar), number of total patches (after the bar) and percentage of positive patches to cVL from three strata from Foz do Iguaçu, Santa Terezinha de Itaipu and the transects between two cities.
—No urban area; * small community.
Table 3.
Dogs sampled (N), seropositive dogs to cVL (N+) and its percentage in three sites in the extreme-west of the Paraná state, Southern of Brazil: The Foz do Iguaçu (FI) city was devised in four areas (A, B, C and D), Santa Terezinha do Itaipu (STI) in two areas (A = north and B south), and two transects (T1 and T2) between the two cities (FI and STI).
A total of 1129 dogs were sampled.
Table 4.
Clinical classification of seropositive dogs in three regions in the extreme west of Paraná state, Southern Brazil.
OR: Odds Ratio.–Non observed date. * seropositive dogs in ELISA and DPP tests /total of dogs with clinical signals.
Fig 2.
Neighbor-Joining tree of ITS1 of Leishmania individuals isolated from dogs from the extreme west of the state of Paraná, Brazil.
Fig 3.
Patches sampled and spatial distribution of Leishmania spp. in the extreme west of Parana state, Southern Brasil.
The higher prevalence were observed in area A and D.
Table 5.
Intrinsic and extrinsic variables that showed significance to canine visceral leishmaniasis.
NS: non significant values.
Fig 4.
Path analysis with extrinsic (environmental) characteristics that affect the infection rate in dogs from western region of the Paraná State, Brazil.
Blue arrows represent positive effect, and red arrows represent negative effects.
Fig 5.
Path analysis with intrinsic characteristics of the dogs that affect their probability of infection in the western region of the Paraná State, Brazil.
Blue arrows represent positive effect, and red arrows represent negative effects.