Fig 1.
SEM images of a) pre-blast landscape soil, b) post-blast landscape soil, c) pre-blast native soil, d) post-blast native soil, e) pre-blast Spearwood soil and f) post-blast Spearwood soil. In each of the post-blast soils illustrated in this figure, the explosive was detonated in contact with the soils. Newly-cleaved planes and fractures are visible within each post-blast soil. Note that the post-blast soils are displayed at a higher magnification than the pre-blast soils, to more clearly illustrate the detonation-induced damage to the soils. Source: Evelyne Delbos, James Hutton Institute.
Fig 2.
μCT slices taken from a) a pre-blast landscape soil aggregate; b) a pre-blast native soil aggregate; and c) a pre-blast Spearwood sand grain. All aggregates measured 1–2 mm in diameter. Source: Holly Yu, Curtin University/University of Dundee.
Fig 3.
Images of a landscape aggregate slice, showing a) the original slice; b) the slice after thresholding; c) the thresholded slice following the 'Create Selection' command; and d) the thresholded aggregate slice with solely its external edge selected.
Fig 4.
Calculated average porosities from the pre- and post-blast landscape, native and Spearwood soil aggregates.
Error bars show standard deviations between three measurements.
Fig 5.
Images taken from post-blast aggregates displaying large cracks throughout the aggregate structures (left to right: a native soil aggregate following explosive charge detonation in contact with soil; a native soil aggregate following explosive charge detonation over soil; a landscape soil aggregate following explosive charge detonation over soil).
Aggregate size 1–2 mm. Source: Holly Yu, Curtin University/University of Dundee.
Fig 6.
TNT recoveries obtained from post-blast landscape and Spearwood soil samples and stored at 3 temperatures, extracting over 6 weeks.
Fig 7.
Average (n = 2) TNT loss between the analysis time points used for this work, from spiked pre-blast and post-blast samples.
Fig 8.
TNT recoveries obtained from post-blast native soil samples stored at 3 temperatures, extracting over 6 weeks.
Fig 9.
4-ADNT recovery from controlled detonation-spiked landscape, native and Spearwood soils stored at room temperature and extracted over 6 weeks.