Fig 1.
Distribution (A) and network (B) of Bretschneidera sinensis haplotypes. (A) Distribution of 13 Bretschneidera sinensis haplotypes in China. Letters below the colorful circles in the map stand for the population names; different colorful circles are to distinguish the haplotypes (see Legend); the shadow area with dashed margin indicades the approximate coverage of Nanling Mtn. (B) Network of Bretschneidera sinensis haplotypes in China. Median-joining network of the 13 haplotypes of B. sinensis. Solid bars indicate the number of mutation steps, black bars represent parsimony sites, and red bars represent cpSSR variation. The size of circles reflects the frequency of haplotypes observed.
Table 1.
Sampling sites, sample sizes (n), haplotype diversity (h), and nucleotide diversity (π) of the 23 Bretschneidera sinensis populations investigated in this study.
Standard errors are given in parentheses.
Table 2.
Haplotypes of Bretschneidera sinensis based on the sequences of rps8-rps11, trnQ-rps16, and trnT-trnL cpDNA intergenic spacers.
Table 3.
Comparison of group composition and fixation indices for groupings of the 23 Chinese Bretschneidera sinensis populations detected by SAMOVA.
Fig 2.
Neighbor-joining tree for haplotypes of Bretschneidera sinensis in China.
Neighbor-joining tree of 13 haplotypes (including cpDNA SSRs) of B. sinensis. Note: Red letters A and B stand for different clades. Bootstrap values (higher than 50) are given above the branches.
Table 4.
Neutral tests of all Bretschneidera sinensis populations and geographic regions.
Fig 3.
Mismatch distribution analysis of Bretschneidera sinensis among different biogeogrphical groups.
(A) Total China. (B) South of Mt. Nanling. (C) North of Mt. Nanling. (D) Southwestern China.
Table 5.
H values for Bretschneidera sinensis.
Fig 4.
Possible migration and expansion routes of Bretschneidera sinensis in China.
Letters below the colorful circles in the map stand for the population names; different colorful circles are to distinguish the haplotypes (see Legend); Three larger circles stands for refugia; arrows indicate possible migration directions.