Table 1.
Sources of chemicals and reagents.
Table 2.
The main physicochemical characteristics of soil collected in laboratory and greenhouse trials.
Table 3.
Experimental treatments in the greenhouse trials.
Fig 1.
Multiple comparisons of the degradation half-life of abamectin combined with dazomet or chloropicrin in laboratory and greenhouse trials.
Different letters (a, b) in the figure indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) according to Tukey test. Error bars indicate the standard error of degradation half-life. The fumigant treatments consisted of six replicate samples in the laboratory and twelve replicate samples in the greenhouse trials. The abamectin treatments consisted of nine replicated samples in the laboratory and eighteen replicate samples in the greenhouse trials.
Table 4.
Degradation rate (k), coefficient of determination (R2) and half-life (T1/2) of abamectin combined with fumigants in the laboratory.
Table 5.
The efficacy of abamectin, dazomet and chloropicrin on root-knot nematode and soilborne fungi in laboratory studies.
Fig 2.
The diffusion rate of abamectin into the epidermis of RKN when abamectin is used alone or on combination with dazomet or chloropicrin.
Error bars indicate the standard error of penetration rate between three replicate samples. RKN = Root Knot Nematode.
Table 6.
The percentage diffusion rate into the nematode epidermis by abamectin combined with dazomet or chloropicrin used alone or in combination.
Table 7.
Degradation rate (k), coefficient of determination (R2) and half-life (T1/2) of abamectin combined with dazomet or chloropicrin in greenhouse trials.
Table 8.
The efficacy of abamectin and fumigants on root-knot nematode and soilborne fungi in greenhouse trials.
Fig 3.
Multiple comparisons of cucumber growth and total income when abamectin is combined with dazomet or chloropicrin in greenhouse trials.
CK1 is the control without dazomet or chloropicrin; CK2 is the control without abamectin. Different letters (a, b) in the same column in each trial indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) according to Tukey test. Error bars indicate the standard error between nine replicates in plant height (each plant height treatment was measured from 20 cucumber plants), first yield, total yield and total income.
Fig 4.
The effect of abamectin combined with fumigants on total yield, initial yield and total income in a greenhouse study.
Error bars indicate the standard error of total yield, first yield and total income between three replicate samples.