Table 1.
Summary of chromosomal data in the nine Cervidae species enrolled in this study.
Table 2.
List of the BAC clones used in the study.
BAC clones from the bovine CHORI-BAC library CH240 were selected for the detection of BTA1, BTA3 and BTAX chromosomes. Gray coloring marks two or three BAC clones, which were selected from the same region to generate more intense hybridization signal.
Fig 1.
A dendrogram representing phylogenetic relationships between the studied Cervidae species and other Pecoran members.
The numbers correspond to the bovine chromosome equivalents. The distances between species are not representative of the evolution time.
Fig 2.
G-banded karyotype of the rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) with chromosome homologies to the cattle (Bos taurus, BTA).
Lines on the sides of CTR1-6 chromosome indicate boundaries between two cattle probes.
Fig 3.
FISH examples demonstrating evolutionary rearrangements between cattle and various Cervidae species.
(A) Tandem fusion of BTA28/26 in milu deer (EDA) detected by region specific painting probes BTA26dist (red) and BTA28dist (green) (B) Centric fusion of BTA17 (red) and 19 (green) in rusa deer (CTR). (C) Centric fusion of BTA29/17 in moose (AAL) validated by probes BTA29dist (green) and BTA17dist (red). (D) Hybridization of BTA1 on reindeer (RTA) submetacentric and acrocentric orthologs. Centromeres are marked by lines.
Fig 4.
Rearrangements on Chinese muntjac chromosomes MRE1–5 and 11 are demonstrated by hybridization patterns of appropriate cattle painting probes (on the right).
Fig 5.
FISH showing hybridization of BTA1 BAC probes and their schematic illustration in various Cetartiodactyl species.
(A) Hybridization of cattle probes BAC1qp (pink), BAC1qd (green), and BAC1qt (red) probes on chromosomes of cattle (BTA), rusa deer (CTR) and reindeer (RTA). (B) Schematic illustration demonstrating rearrangements of BTA1 orthologs in rusa deer (CTR), Chinese muntjac (MRE), reindeer (RTA), pronghorn (AAM), giraffe (GCA), okapi (OJO) and pygmy hippo (CLI). The dots approximate the positions of BAC1qp (pink), BAC1qd (green), and BAC1qt (red) probes.
Fig 6.
Schematic illustration showing X chromosome segments in cattle (BTA) and their counterparts in roe deer (CCA), milu deer (EDA) and giraffe (GCA).
The cattle BAC probes were divided into four groups marked with different colours. Positions of the BAC clones are on the side of the chromosome.
Fig 7.
Hybridization results of heterochromatin specific clones on reindeer (RTA) chromosomes.
(X, Y—gonosomes; A-autosome).
Table 3.
Isolated and characterized clones obtained from reindeer (RTA) gonosomes.