Table 1.
Clusters of outcomes examined in studies about the effects of music therapy and music-based interventions for patients with substance use disorders.
Fig 1.
Categorization procedure for quality of evidence.
CG = control group.
Fig 2.
Study inclusion flow chart.
Table 2.
Characteristics and results of studies examining effects of music stimuli presentation on patients with substance use disorders.
Table 3.
Characteristics and results of studies examining effects of single music therapy session on patients with substance use disorders.
Table 4.
Characteristics and results of studies examining effects of more than one music therapy/music-based intervention session on patients with substance use disorders.
Table 5.
Characteristics and themes of qualitative studies about effects of mt/mbi on patients with substance use disorders.
Fig 3.
Descriptive overview of quantitative studies examining the effects of music therapy and music-based interventions on different outcomes.
Studies with effect or no effect compared to control group (CG) were classified as of high level evidence of efficacy (black and dark grey bars). Studies reporting insufficient statistical data to conduct meta-analyses and without CG were classified as of low level evidence of efficacy (light grey bars).
Table 6.
Methodological recommendations summary.