Table 1.
Summary of callose synthase proteins their function, and location in the Arabidopsis thaliana.
Proteins active in pollen are underlined.
Fig 1.
Phylogenetic tree of 12 Arabidopsis thaliana callose synthases.
The evolutionary history was inferred using maximum likelihood. The bootstrap support values are shown next to the branches. Accessions are listed in Table 1.
Fig 2.
Expression profiles of 12 callose synthases in different sporophytic tissues and during male gametophyte development of Arabidopsis thaliana.
SUS, suspension cultures; SDL, seedling; LF, leaf; RT, root; FWB, flower buds; FLW, flower; SD, seed; UNM, uninuclear microspore; BCP, bicellular pollen; TCP, tricellular pollen; MPG, mature pollen grain; PT4, 4h pollen tubes; SPC, sperm cells.
Fig 3.
Callose synthase expression in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen.
A) Abundance of expressed CalS transcripts in mature pollen and sperm cells. B) Expression profiles of pollen-expressed CalS transcripts in wild type Col-0 and bzip18/- and bzip34/- mutant A. thaliana mature pollen.
Fig 4.
Callose synthase expression profiles in Nicotiana tabacum male gametophyte.
A) Expression profile of five male gametophyte-expressed CalS mRNAs during pollen development and progamic phase, B) Distribution of transcripts encoding three most abundant tobacco pollen CalS mRNAs (CalS5, CalS10, CalS12) between actively translated polysomal and storage EPP fractions. UNM, uninuclear microspore; early BCP, early bicellular pollen; late BCP, late bicellular pollen; MPG, mature pollen grain; PT4, 4h pollen tubes; PT24, 24h pollen tubes; EPP, mRNA storage EPP complexes; POL, polysomal fraction.
Fig 5.
Unrooted phylogenetic tree of 655 proteins sequences of the callose synthase.
The evolutionary history was inferred using maximum likelihood. Bootstrap support values ≥50% are shown on the branch above. The ML log likelihood -482640.553247. The analysis included 655 amino acid sequences and 3435 positions in the final data set. Numbers in circles indicate main clades described in the text.
Fig 6.
Callose synthase phylogeny in terrestrial plants inferred using maximum parsimony.
The tree is rooted by green alga Auxenochlorella protothecoides representing one of possible outgroup for terrestrial plants. The most parsimonious tree with length 90012, CI = 0,223978, RI = 0,828990 is shown. The data contains 655 protein sequences and 4970 positions in the final dataset. Bootstrap support values ≥50% are shown next to the branches. Numbers in circles indicate main clades described in the text.
Fig 7.
Consensus domains in the callose synthase proteins.
A) Three main domains from the Vta1 superfamily, 1,3-beta-glucan synthase subunit FKS1, and the 1,3-beta-glucan synthase superfamily. B) Specific domains for each callose synthase. Domains were predicted by Pfam, and the domain in the boxes was predicted by DART. See S1 and S2 Tables for details.
Fig 8.
Comparison of the number and arrangement of introns and exons for representative species from a derived angiosperm (Arabidopsis thaliana) and a basal angiosperm (Amborella trichopoda).