Table 1.
Clade assignment of common ravens from North America to either California or Holarctic lineages are given for mitogenomes presented in this study and either mtDNA control region or COI sequenced in previous studies ([17, 18]; authors’ unpubl. data).
Fig 1.
Map showing sampling locations.
Blue diamond = C. corax, Holarctic lineage; red triangle = C. corax, California lineage; green circle = C. cryptoleucus; yellow square = C. ruficollis.
Fig 2.
Graphical overview of the Corvus corax mitogenome.
The figure contains the following information, from the outermost to the innermost layer: (1) Gene products for annotated genes. (2) Genome position, minor ticks for every kb. Red bars illustrate GC-content in 20 bp windows. (3) Forward and (4) reverse genes. Blue colours show tRNAs, red colours show rRNAs and grey colours illustrate protein coding genes. (5) Coverage plot with log transformed coverage. (6) Position for amplicon 1 and (7) position for amplicon 2. The figure was created from GenBank accession KX245135 in the software Circleator [42].
Fig 3.
Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from whole mitogenomes of three species of ravens (common raven C. corax, Chihuahuan raven C. cryptoleucus, brown-necked raven C. ruficollis), and six other Corvus species with published mitogenomes (labeled with GenBank acc. no.).
The final dataset used in the phylogenetic analysis contained 15,392 bp after indels and positions in the alignment with less than 95% coverage were eliminated. The tree was rooted with Pica pica. USA = United States of America, CA = California, AZ = Arizona, AK = Alaska, NY = New York, NM = New Mexico, WA = Washington, WY = Wyoming, MT = Montana, NV = Nevada.
Table 2.
Genetic distances (uncorrected p-distances) among Holarctic (HOL) and Californian (CAL) lineages of the common raven and the Chihuahuan (CHI) raven, for different partitions, the whole alignment and protein coding genes concatenated.