Table 1.
Predictions of how demographic, social, and environmental characteristics will influence exposure of pathogens in bobcat and puma populations.
For each pathogen, the transmission model is included in parentheses. For each factor (demographic, social, and environment), the expected relative effect strength of each prediction is included in parentheses.
Fig 1.
Locations of two study areas in Colorado, USA, which exhibited varying levels of urbanization, where bobcats and pumas were fit with telemetry collars.
The more rural Western Slope (WS) was characterized by an exurban development south grid and a wildland north grid during 2009–2010. The more urbanized Front Range (FR) study area was characterized by a wildland-urban interface (WUI) south grid and wildland north grid during 2010–2012.
Table 2.
Definitions of variables used in models evaluating pathogens in bobcats and pumas across a gradient of urbanization on the Western Slope (WS) and Front Range (FR) of Colorado.
For further explanations of covariates see Methods.
Table 3.
Variable importance values (VIV) for demographic, social (intraspecific and interspecific), and environmental (urban and landscape) categories for bobcats and pumas on the Western Slope (WS) and Front Range (FR) of Colorado, USA.
VIV were used to assess the relative importance of groups of covariates in models evaluating pathogens in felid populations. A dash (i.e., -) indicates that models with this covariate could not be evaluated (see Methods).
Table 4.
Model-averaged parameter estimates with associated standard errors for demographic, social (intraspecific and interspecific), and environmental (urban and landscape) categories for bobcats and pumas on the Western Slope (WS) and Front Range (FR) of Colorado, USA.
A dash (i.e., -) indicates that models with this covariate could not be evaluated (see Methods).
Fig 2.
Prevalence of pathogens (estimates of seroprevalence and 1 standard error) for bobcats (a) and pumas (b) in exurban and wildland habitat on the Western Slope (WS) and for bobcats (c) and pumas (d) in wildland-urban interface (WUI) and wildland habitat on the Front Range (FR), Colorado. Sample sizes for the total number of animals screened for antibodies of each pathogen occur on the right side of each figure panel for the urbanized grid, wildland grid, and when both grids are combined.