Fig 1.
Flowchart of the proposed method.
Table 1.
The indices of coagulation, liver, kidney test in this study.
Table 2.
Variance analysis of PQ poisoned patients in deceased group (n = 52) and survival group (n = 51).
Fig 2.
Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves for PQ concentration and AST level in PQ-poisoned patients.
Table 3.
ROC curves analysis of PQ concentration and coagulation, liver and kidney indices.
Fig 3.
Classification accuracy of ELM versus the number of hidden neurons.
Table 4.
The detailed results obtained by ELM.
Fig 4.
The frequency of selected features in 10-fold CV.
Table 5.
The detailed results obtained by GWO-ELM.
Fig 5.
The classification performance obtained by the four methods in terms of ACC, MCC, sensitivity, and specificity.
Fig 6.
The mean result of the best fitness during the training stage in 10-fold CV procedure obtained by the three methods.
Table 6.
Average frequencies of the selected features by the three methods.
Fig 7.
Classification performance obtained by the GWO-ELM method based on the four different indices in terms of ACC, MCC, sensitivity, and specificity.