Fig 1.
Schematic representation of the continuous machine perfusion system.
Fig 2.
The ultrastructure of the endomembrane structure in the hepatocytes of the control liver.
(A and C) Typical hepatocytes were identified in the ultrathin sections of the Epon 812-embedded control liver tissue (A). Nucleus was colored blue. The partial area indicated in A was further photographed at a higher magnification (C). Nucleus was colored blue and mitochondria were colored green. Bars = 1 μm. (B and D) Similar typical hepatocytes in osmium-macerated control porcine liver tissues were viewed with a scanning electron microscope (B). Nucleus was colored blue. The p area indicated in B was further photographed at a higher magnification (D). Nucleus was colored blue and mitochondria were colored green. Open arrows indicated cristae of mitochondria. Bars = 1 μm.
Fig 3.
Changes in the ultrastructure of the endomembrane systems in porcine hepatocytes after warm ischemia.
(A and B) Representative hepatocytes were observed by SEM in the osmium-macerated porcine liver graft samples after warm ischemia for 60 minutes. Nucleus was colored blue and abnormal vacuoles were colored red. Asterisks indicated the internal vacuole in an abnormal vacuole. The partial area indicated in A was further photographed at a higher magnification (B). Mitochondria were colored green. Intra-mitochondrial abnormal vesicles were indicated by open arrowheads. (C) Abnormal mitochondria was counted in SEM images (9–11 views of each groups, N = 3). Data represents as the means ± SEM. Unpaired two-tailed t-tests were used (p < 0.001). Bars = 1 μm.
Fig 4.
The ultrastructural alteration in porcine hepatocytes preserved by HMP.
(A) Representative hepatocytes were observed by SEM in the osmium-macerated porcine liver graft samples preserved by HMP for 4 h after 60 minutes of warm ischemia. Nucleus was colored blue and abnormal vacuoles were colored red. The partial area indicated in A was further photographed at a higher magnification (B). Mitochondria were colored green and abnormal vacuoles were colored red. Bars = 1 μm.
Fig 5.
The ultrastructural characteristics in porcine hepatocytes preserved by MMP.
(A) Representative hepatocytes were observed by SEM in the osmium-macerated porcine liver graft samples preserved by MMP for 4 h after 60 minutes of warm ischemia. Nucleus was colored blue and abnormal vacuoles were colored red. Asterisks indicated the vacuoles include the vesicles and mitochondria. The partial area indicated in A was further photographed at a higher magnification (B). Abnormal vacuoles were colored red. Cytoplasmic mitochondria were colored green and intravacuolar mitochondria were colored purple. (C) Mitochondria areas were measured in SEM images (9–11 views of each groups, N = 3). Data represents as the means ± SEM. Unpaired two-tailed t-tests were used (p < 0.0001). Bars = 1 am.