Table 1.
Number of births resulting in singleton, twins and triplets and percent survived by birth type for RS and NRS fathers.
Table 2.
The entire number of births occurring as single, twin, triplet and quadruplet during all recorded births for fathers who have been categorized as RS or NRS fathers.
Fig 1.
A. Experiment 1. Infant survival is significantly higher for common marmoset fathers who are responsive to infant distress cries (RS) compared to fathers who show no response to infant distress cries (NRS), p = 0.002. Red bars indicate the number of infants that died while the brown bars indicate the number of infants that lived. B. Experiment 1. Mean linear growth curves for infant marmosets under two conditions: RS and NRS fathers. Weights between the two conditions began to separate during the weaning period and are significantly (*p < 0.05) different by weeks 28 and 30.
Fig 2.
Testosterone percent change from control vocal to infant distress cries. RS fathers showed a significant change (p = 0.03) in their testosterone levels after searching for the source of the infant cries while NRS fathers did not show any testosterone change.
Fig 3.
A. Experiment 2. All offspring of RS fathers have a higher survival rate than offspring of the NRS fathers, P = 0.006. B. Experiment 2. The mean weights for each father’s offspring over collective births for RS or NRS fathers. The two conditions were significantly different at 26 and 30 weeks (p < 0.05).