Table 1.
Study procedures listed in order performed.
Fig 1.
Meibomian gland characteristics.
(A) Typical Meibomian gland orientation with glands running parallel and the full length of the eyelid, (B) Meibomian gland atrophy represented by shortened glands and trailing “empty” space, and (C) Meibomian gland tortuosity represented by glands with sharp bends (≥ 45°) or curly/hook appearances. Images courtesy of the Clinical Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
Table 2.
Demographics and product usage based on subject medical history [N = 101 (202 eyes)].
Table 3.
Study distribution and means for main (severe Meibomian gland atrophy) and secondary outcomes.
SD = Standard deviation, SPEED = Subjective Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness.
Table 4.
Exploratory analysis results for each direct, physiologically plausible relationship between a potential risk factor (rows) and an outcome variable (columns).
Table 5.
Logistic regression model for severe Meibomian gland atrophy.
Table 6.
Number of eyes with severe Meibomian gland atrophy (SMGA) among the hormonal birth control (HBC) groups.
Fig 2.
Tear film lipid layer thickness vs. Meiboscore, stratified by hormonal birth control use category.
(A) Upper eyelid and (B) Lower eyelid. Meibomian gland atrophy severity based on Arita’s meiboscore [26] (0 = None (0% atrophy), 1 = Mild (up to 33%), 2 = Moderate (33–66%), 3 = Severe (>66%)). HBC: Hormonal birth control; FHBC-: Females not using HBC; FHBC+: Females using HBC.
Table 7.
Linear regression model for tear lipid layer thickness.
Table 8.
Linear regression models for the log-transformed tear film stability measures.
Table 9.
Comparison of diagnostic characteristics between non-contact lens and contact lens users.
Fig 3.
Summary of significant relationships based on final multivariable models between risk factors (arrow origin) and outcomes (arrowhead).
SPEED = Subjective Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness; NITBUT = Non-invasive Tear Breakup Time; FTBUT = Fluorescein Tear Breakup Time.