Table 1.
Demographic and exposure characteristics of subject groups.
Fig 1.
Protein levels of CCL11 are elevated in the DLFC in CTE but not AD.
CCL11 protein levels were measured using ELISA. CCL11 fold change is shown for non-exposed control, CTE, and AD subjects. Bar graphs shows mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05; One-way ANOVA.
Fig 2.
CCL11 is elevated in cases with more than 16 years of exposure to American football.
CCL11 protein fold changes are shown for non-exposed controls (n = 18), cases with less than 16 years of exposure (n = 10), and cases with more than or equal to 16 years of exposure (n = 13). Bar graphs shows mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001; One-way ANOVA.
Fig 3.
CCL11 is elevated in the CSF during CTE.
(A) Quantitation of CCL11 fold change in the CSF is shown for control (n = 4), CTE (n = 7), and AD (n = 4) subjects. (B) Receiver operatic characteristic (ROC) curve for CSF CCL11 predicting CTE. Red line denotes CCL11 while the black line is the reference, AUC = 0.839, 95% CI 0.62–1.058, p = 0.028. Bar graphs shows mean ± SEM, One-way ANOVA.