Table 1.
Characteristics of patient cohorts.
Fig 1.
Distribution of total detected medications for two cohorts.
Percent of patients having between 0 and 8 detected medications in the Residuals vs. Reconciled cohorts.
Fig 2.
Detection rate for panel medications in two cohorts.
Percent of patients for whom a given medication is detected in Residuals vs. Reconciled Cohorts. The dotted line indicates equal detection rates in both cohorts, while the solid line indicates the ratio of overall detection rate in both cohorts: 1.3 detected drugs per patient in Residuals Cohort vs. 3.2 detected drugs per patient in Reconciled Cohort.
Table 2.
Medication panel characteristics and detection relative to prescription record for two patient cohorts.
Fig 3.
Medication prescriptions according to EHR vs. medication detection in two cohorts.
A) Percent of prescribed medications that are detected and B) percent of detected medication that are non-prescribed (i.e. not in the EHR). Error bars were calculated from Bernoulli trials.
Fig 4.
Adherence and non-prescribed medication use in two cohorts.
A) Percent of prescribed medications that are detected (adherence), for medications having 10 or more prescriptions in each cohort. B) Percent of detected medications not in the EHR (non-prescribed), for medications having 10 or more detections in each cohort. The solid diagonal line indicates equality in both cohorts, and the dashed line indicates the overall ratio of adherence or non-prescribed use between cohorts, calculated across all medications. Markers are sized proportionally to log10 of prescriptions or detections.
Fig 5.
Percent of prescribed medications that are detected vs. medication half-life for Reconciled Cohort.
Medications with half-life > 24 hours are shown at 24 hours on the abscissa. The fit denotes the least-squares power curve; the functional form was selected due to expected exponential decay of medication concentration with time.
Table 3.
Prescribed and detected drug rates and levels vs. therapeutic drug range.
Fig 6.
Medication detections vs. therapeutic monitoring ranges in Reconciled Cohort.
Percent of medications detected quantitatively below, within or above ranges established in the therapeutic drug monitoring literature, for drugs that were listed in the patients EHR. Error bars were calculating from Bernoulli trials.