Fig 1.
PND, postnasal drip; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics according to group.
Table 2.
Reflux-related test results and prevalence of medication responders.
Fig 2.
Change in LCQ (A) and VAS (B) scores according to time and group. The LCQ and VAS scores are significantly improved through 8 weeks in the PPI group, but not in the placebo group (between-group comparison: LCQ score, P < 0.001; VAS score, P = 0.063). PPI, proton pump inhibitor; LCQ, Leicester Cough Questionnaire; VAS, visual analog scale; SE, standard error. * P-value < 0.05 according to time; † P-value < 0.05 according to time between the 2 groups; obtained by linear mixed model analysis after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, and atopy.
Fig 3.
Change in LCQ and VAS scores according to time and reflux in the placebo group (A, B) and PPI group (C, D). Significant improvement was seen in the PPI group with and without reflux, but not in the placebo group. LCQ, Leicester Cough Questionnaire; VAS, visual analogue scale; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; SE, standard error. * P-value < 0.05 according to time; obtained by linear mixed model analysis after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, and atopy.
Fig 4.
Change in LCQ (A) and VAS (B) scores according to time and dose of PPI. Improvement in LCQ and VAS scores is seen in both standard- and high-dose PPI groups, and there is no difference between the standard- and high-dose PPI groups (LCQ score, P = 0.842; VAS score, P = 0.803). LCQ, Leicester Cough Questionnaire; VAS, visual analogue scale; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; SE, standard error. * P-value < 0.05 according to time; obtained by linear mixed model analysis after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, and atopy.