Fig 1.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EDA-CDots on E. coli (A) and B. subtilis cells (B) after 24 h at 37°C. Data is presented as the mean values with ±SD as Error bars. Different letters above the columns indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05).
Fig 2.
Inhibitory effects of H2O2 alone and H2O2/CDots combination on E. coli cells.
CDots concentration was 8 μg/mL or 16 μg/mL. Bacterial cell growth was measured by OD value at wavelength 595 nm. Data is presented by the mean of 3–5 replicated samples and Error bars are ±SD of the replicated measurements. Different letters above the columns indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05).
Table 1.
The MICs and FICs of individual agents in the combination treatments of CDots with H2O2, and the total FICs of combination treatments, obtained using the microdilution checkerboard method.
Fig 3.
Isobologram of the interaction between CDs and H2O2 against E.coli cells.
Fig 4.
Viable E.coli cell numbers after treated with 1.76 mM H2O2, 8.82 mM H2O2, or 10μg/mL CDots alone or H2O2/CDots combination.
Different letters above the columns indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05).
Fig 5.
SEM images of E.coli cells with different treatments.
(A) Untreated control samples; (B) CDots (10 μg/mL) treated samples; (C) H2O2 (8.82 mM) treated samples; (D) CDots (10 μg/mL) and H2O2 combination treated samples.
Fig 6.
Antimicrobial effects of Na2CO3 alone on E.coli cells (A) and B.subtilis cells (B), and in combination with 10 μg/mL CDots (C: on E.coli cells). Different letters above the columns indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05).
Table 2.
The combination of different concentrations of Na2CO3 and CDots used in the microdilution checkerboard method for treatments to E. coli cells, and the growth status of the cells at 24 h incubation after they were treated.
Table 3.
The MICs and FICs of individual agents in the combination treatments of CDots with H2O2, and the total FICs of combination treatments, obtained using the microdilution checkerboard method.
Fig 7.
Antimicrobial effects of Na2CO3 in combination with 10 μg/mL CDots on E.coli cells.
Different letters above the columns indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05).
Table 4.
The combination of different concentrations of AcOH and CDots used in the microdilution checkerboard method for treatments to E. coli cells, and the growth status of the cells at 24 h incubation after they were treated.
Table 5.
The MICs and FICs of individual agents in the combination treatments of CDots with AcOH, and the total FICs of combination treatments, obtained using the microdilution checkerboard method.