Table 1.
The age of birds at which infection was diagnosed.
Table 2.
The incidence [n (%)] of isolation clinical E. cecorum from different tissue samples depending on the poultry flocks.
Table 3.
Positive reactions [n, (%)] in rapid ID 32 STREP exhibited by clinical E. cecorum of different poultry types.
Fig 1.
Survival skills of clinical E. cecorum isolates.
(CB—Commercial Broiler Chickens; BB—Broilers Breeders; CL—Commercial Layers; T—Turkeys; W—Waterfowl) after treatment with: A) 60°C for 15min, 30 min, 1 h; and B) 70°C for 15min, 30 min, 1 h.
Table 4.
The ability of clinical E. cecorum [n, (%)] originated from different poultry to growth at different temperatures.
Table 5.
Incidence [n, (%)] of the virulence factors in clinical E. cecorum depending on the poultry type.
Fig 2.
Tree showing the genetic similarity between pathogenic E. cecorum isolates from 76 broiler chickens flocks (CB) based on PFGE (SmaI) and PCR results (sequences of sodA gene fragment).
The each pulsotype is shown with the corresponding number of isolate, year of isolation, location of affected flock, and PCR-group (sodA). Analysis revealed 2 phylogenetic groups (I–II, and I’ subgroup), and 12 (A–L) individual pulsotypes comprised 38 CB isolates. Dendogram was constructed based on the Dice similarity coefficient and the UPGMA clustering method. Enterococcus cecorum ATCC 43198 was used as a reference strain.
Fig 3.
Tree showing the genetic similarity between pathogenic E. cecorum isolates from 37 broiler breeder flocks (BB) based on PFGE (SmaI) and PCR results (sequences of sodA gene fragment).
Analysis revealed 7 (A–G) individual pulsotypes comprised 37 BB isolates and 4 phylogenetic groups (I–IV, and I’ subgroup). The each pulsotype is shown with the corresponding PCR-group (sodA), number of isolate, year of isolation, location of affected flock. Dendogram was constructed based on the Dice similarity coefficient and the UPGMA clustering method. Enterococcus cecorum ATCC 43198 was used as a reference strain.
Fig 4.
Tree showing the genetic similarity between pathogenic E. cecorum isolates from 23 layers flocks (CL) based on PFGE (SmaI) and PCR results (sequences of sodA gene fragment).
The each pulsotype is shown with the corresponding PCR-group (sodA), number of isolate, year of isolation, location of affected flock. Analysis revealed 3 (A–C) individual pulsotypes comprised 8 CL isolates and 3 phylogenetic groups (I–III). Dendogram was constructed based on the Dice similarity coefficient and the UPGMA clustering method. Enterococcus cecorum ATCC 43198 was used as a reference strain.
Fig 5.
Tree showing the genetic similarity between pathogenic E. cecorum isolates from 5 turkey flocks (T) based on PFGE (SmaI) and PCR results (sequences of sodA gene fragment).
The each pulsotype is shown with the corresponding PCR-group (sodA), number of isolate, year of isolation, location of affected flock. Analysis revealed 1 (A) individual pulsotypes comprised 2 T isolates and 2 phylogenetic groups (I–II). Dendogram was constructed based on the Dice similarity coefficient and the UPGMA clustering method. Enterococcus cecorum ATCC 43198 was used as a reference strain.
Fig 6.
Tree showing the genetic similarity between pathogenic E. cecorum isolates from 7 waterfowl flocks (W) based on PFGE (SmaI) and PCR results (sequences of sodA gene fragment).
No pulsotypes were found. Phylogenetic analysis showed 2 groups (I-II). The each isolate is shown with the corresponding PCR-group (sodA), number, year of isolation, location of affected flock. Dendogram was constructed based on the Dice similarity coefficient and the UPGMA clustering method. Enterococcus cecorum ATCC 43198 was used as a reference strain.