Table 1.
Fungal species systematics, wood-decay type and decay stages.
Table 2.
Fungal combinations on agar media, in liquid medium and semi-solid coniferous wood co-cultures.
Species abbreviations are depicted in Table 1.
Fig 1.
Fungal mycelial interactions recorded after 4, 7 and 17 days of growth on agar media.
Co-cultures of three fungal species, F. pinicola (Fp), P. radiata (Pr), and J. luteoalba (Jl) on (A) malt extract agar, and (B) ABTS agar.
Table 3.
Hyphal growth rate of fungal isolates on malt extract and ABTS agar media.
Fig 2.
Effect of F. pinicola Fp on laccase activities produced in single-species and co-cultures of P. radiata Pr and Trichaptum abietinum Ta during eight weeks of cultivation on (A) semi-solid wood-supplemented LNAS, and (B) malt extract liquid medium. Mean average values (n = 3, three parallel cultures) with standard deviation are presented at each time point. Fungal abbreviations and combinations, see Table 1 and Table 2.
Fig 3.
Effect of F. pinicola Fp on manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities produced by Ta, Pr and Pf, in single-species and co-cultures during eight weeks on (A) semi-solid wood-supplemented LNAS, and (B) malt extract medium. Mean average value (n = 3, three parallel cultures) with standard deviation is presented at each time point. Fungal abbreviations and combinations, see Table 1 and Table 2.
Fig 4.
β-glucosidase activities (A) and endo-β-1,4-xylanase activities (B) in single-species and co-cultures during eight weeks on ground wood-supplemented LNAS medium. Species abbreviations and combinations, see Table 1 and Table 2. Mean values of three replicate cultures are presented with standard deviation (error bars).
Fig 5.
Principal component analysis including clustering of the CAZyme and oxidoreductase activities (xylanase, xyl; β-glucosidase, bglu; laccase, lac; manganese peroxidase, mnp) of single-species and co-cultures produced at each time point on ground wood-supplemented LNAS medium during eight weeks of cultivation.
Fungal abbreviations and combinations, see Table 1 and Table 2.
Fig 6.
Principal component analysis of acidity (poh), concentration of oxalic acid (oa), production of mycelial mass (dry weight, dw), laccase activity (lac) and manganese peroxidase activity (mnp) determined from co-cultures after eight weeks of cultivation on malt extract liquid medium.
Distinct clusters are marked: red circle, Fp single and co-cultures without Pr; orange circle, single-species cultures of Pr and Pf together with co-cultures including Pr—except combination FpPrPf; green circle, white-rot single-species cultures of Ta, Pc, Pf, Jl, and combination FpPrPf. Fungal abbreviations and combinations, see Table 1 and Table 2.