Fig 1.
Macular vascular density at the different levels of 3 x 3-mm retinal vascular plexus.
(A) Superficial retinal vascular plexus in circular segmentation. (B) Superficial retinal vascular plexus in quadrant segmentation. (C) Deep retinal vascular plexus in circular segmentation. (D) Deep retinal vascular plexus in quadrant segmentation. For the circular segmentation, vascular density was calculated in three circular regions of different radius after excluding the adjacent inner circle area. Each region corresponding to C1, C2, and C3 had a 1.5-mm, 2-mm, and 2.5-mm radius from the center. The central area of 1-mm radius was excluded, most of which included the FAZ area. Similarly, quadrant segmentation was performed in four sectors, namely, temporal (T), superior (S), nasal (N), and inferior (I) in the region of 1-mm to 2.5-mm radius.
Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study patients.
Table 2.
Assessment of macular vascular density and foveal avascular zone by OCT angiography.
Fig 2.
Representative cases with different foveal avascular zone (FAZ) assessment.
Two healthy cases (A, B) and four glaucoma cases (C, D, E, F). (A, B) Healthy eyes have a relatively smaller FAZ size and a higher circularity index. (C, D) Glaucoma patients with remarkable foveal capillary dropout, which is reflected in lower circularity index. (E, F) Advanced glaucoma patients with notably enlarged FAZ size (E) or distorted FAZ shape (F).
Table 3.
Significance of independent variables in predicting outcome of glaucoma: Multivariate models.
Table 4.
Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of macular VD and FAZ-related parameters with and without refractive error adjustment.
Table 5.
Pairwise comparisons of AUROC curves referring to the glaucoma group.
Fig 3.
Refractive error-adjusted receiver operating curves for whole retina macular VD, FAZ perimeter, FAZ circularity index, peripapillary RNFL thickness, and macular GCIPL thickness.