Fig 1.
Patient selection flow chart.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics between with and without a 2-year stroke recurrence.
Table 2.
Multivariate analysis of possible predictors of 2-year stroke recurrence.
Fig 2.
Recurrent stroke between with and without SVD, severe WMH, OLI, or CMB.
Recurrent stroke rate was significantly higher in the group with small vessel disease (A) (P < 0.001), severe white matter hyperintensity (B) (P < 0.001), old lacunar infarction (C) (P < 0.001), or cerebral microbleeds (D) (P < 0.001).
Fig 3.
Recurrent stroke with the number of components of small vessel disease.
Number of components of small vessel disease showed a dose-response manner with 2-year recurrent stroke both in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (P < 0.001) (A) and univariate Cox regression analysis adjusted by survival time (P < 0.001) (B).
Table 3.
Baseline characteristics between with and without small vessel disease.
Fig 4.
Effect of small vessel disease on stroke recurrence in different recurrence mechanisms.
Patients with small vessel disease had higher chances of recurrent large artery atherosclerosis stroke (A) (P < 0.001), recurrent large artery atherosclerosis stroke in the same territory of the index stroke (B) (P = 0.003), recurrent cardioembolism stroke (C) (P = 0.033), and recurrent small vessel occlusion stroke (D) (P = 0.002). Small vessel disease could be a risk factor of recurrent stroke without considering its recurrence mechanisms.