Fig 1.
TEM images; (a) & (b) Highly dispersed spherical PdNPs synthesized by using G. pedunculataRoxb. leaf extract; (c) magnified TEM image of a single metal nanoparticle along with lattice fringes for (111) fcc plane; (d)selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern.
Fig 2.
Wide-angle powder XRD pattern of biosynthesized PdNPsin presence of starch (0.3%).
Fig 3.
The high resolution spectrum of the starch-assisted PdNPs (Pd 3d region); inset: curve fitted 3d5/2 peak.
Fig 4.
Suzuki-Miyaura reactionsa of various aryl/heteroaryl halides with arylboronic acids using PdNPs as catalyst.
Fig 5.
TEM images of the recycled catalyst showing lattice fringes corresponds to (111) plane of Pd NP.
Table 1.
Recycling of the catalyst for the reaction between 4-bromotoluene and phenylboronicacida.
Fig 6.
Oxidation of selective alcohols in aqueous media catalyzed by PdNPs as catalyst.
Fig 7.
Cr(VI) reduction: (a) in absence of catalyst; (b) in presence of Pd(OAc)2 salt; (c) in presence of starch-assisted Pd NPs as catalyst.
Fig 8.
Figure showing clear zone of inhibition around the well containing Pd NPs confirm its antimicrobial activity against MDR Cronobactersakazaki AMD04 strain; whereas the aqueous plant extract (PE) shows no effect and Pd(OAc)2 shows minor effect against the isolate.
Fig 9.
Graph showing MIC and MBC of PdNPs against Cronobactersakazakii strain AMD04 at different time intervals.
Fig 10.
Graph showing anti-biofilm effect of PdNPs against MDR clinical isolate Cronobactersakazakii strain AMD04.