Fig 1.
Phylogeny of continental North American Dendroica wood warblers, and a projection of body mass evolution on that phylogeny (middle), where body masses of present-day species are observed, and ancestral body masses inferred.
The right panel zooms in on four closely related species: if the phylogeny is correct then the observed present-day body masses of D. virens, D. townsendii, D. chrysoparia, and D. occidentalis could not have evolved without some species having identical body masses at some point in time.
Fig 2.
A: Distribution of rank correlations (Kendall’s τ) for trait values randomly simulated on the Dendroica phylogeny with 10-fold different rates of evolution (thick grey and narrow black solid lines).
The distributions of 1000 τ each are not significantly different. Dashed line: Distribution of τ for trait values randomly simulated on a phylogeny with equal number of tip species, but different topology than the Dendroica phylogeny. Dotted vertical line indicates the value of τ obtained with the observed body masses of present-day Dendroica warblers.