Fig 1.
After enrollment, patients were randomized to either continue consuming high AGE diet, or a one month dAGE restriction. Stool and blood samples were collected at baseline and after intervention. AGEs, Advanced glycation end products; GI, gastrointestinal; PO, per os.
Table 1.
Patient basic characteristics.
Table 2.
AGE levels before and after intervention.
Fig 2.
One month dAGE restriction resulted in changes in gut bacterial microbiota.
Operational taxonomic units were annotated and analyzed at species levels, and shows no difference in microbiota projection onto the principal components at baseline (A), followed by changes after dietary intervention (B). HAGE, high advanced glycation end products group; LAGE, low advanced glycation end products group.
Fig 3.
Species (A), genus (B), and Phyla (C) differences between groups at baseline and after intervention.
HAGE (bl), high advanced glycation end products group at baseline; LAGE (bl), low advanced glycation end products group at baseline; HAGE (Int), high advanced glycation end products group after intervention; LAGE (Int), low advanced glycation end products group after intervention. The top ten species in relative abundance (74%) are shown in Fig 3A, full species are shown in S2 Fig.
Fig 4.
Shannon-Wiener diversity index indicating no differences among groups before and after intervention (bars and columns represent diversity index mean ± standard deviation).
HAGE (bl), high advanced glycation end products group at baseline; LAGE (bl), low advanced glycation end products group at baseline; HAGE (Int), high advanced glycation end products group after intervention; LAGE (Int), low advanced glycation end products group after intervention.
Table 3.
Species with significant differences between the groups.