Fig 1.
Diagram of pooling method for serum samples from blood donors.
The diagram shows the construction of sample pools and analysis for HPgV viremia in healthy blood donors. Positive samples from the pool were re-tested in smaller pools each time until we detected the positive individual donor sample.
Table 1.
Surrogate markers of HIV progression compared between genotypes 2 and 3, according to the low or high HPgV viral loads in HIV-positive ART-naïve patients.
Fig 2.
Two-component cluster mixture model fit for weighted HPgV viral load from healthy blood donors and co-infected ART-naïve patients.
Density distribution (bars) of HPgV viral load (log10 genome equivalents) from healthy blood donors (A) and co-infected ART-naïve patients (B). Gaussian curves indicate the fitted low (red line), high (green line), mean component curves (μ), the number of patients (n) and proportion (λ) in each population component. The clusters’ cut-off point for healthy blood donors (A) and co-infected ART-naïve patients (B), is the intersection of the curves.
Fig 3.
Effects of HPgV on surrogate markers of HIV progression.
Each graph shows the differences between the means of: (A) HIV viral load/ml (log10), (B) CD4+ cell counts (CD4+/mm3), and (C) CD4+/CD8+ ratio, in the ART-naïve population according to their HPgV condition (-negative, -low, or -high). Significant differences are considered at p<0.05.
Fig 4.
Effects of HPgV genotype (2 or 3) on surrogate markers of HIV progression.
Each graph shows the differences between the means of: (A and B) HIV viral load/ml (log10), (C and D) CD4+ cell counts (CD4+/mm3), and (E and F) CD4+/CD8+ ratio, in the ART-naïve population according to their HPgV condition (-negative, -low, or -high) and genotype 3 (A, C and E) and genotype 2 (B, D and F). Significant differences are considered at p<0.05.
Table 2.
Mean difference of HIV viral load in co-infected subjects according to time of HIV infection and HPgV viral load conditions.
Table 3.
Mean difference of CD4+ cell counts (CD4+/mm3) in co-infected subjects according to time of HIV infection and HPgV viral load conditions.
Table 4.
Mean difference of CD4+/CD8+ ratio in co-infected subjects according to time of HIV infection and HPgV viral load condition.