Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for the included patient cohort.
Fig 1.
Two examples of the annulus plane refinement (TAVI candidate and Non-calcified aortic valve).
Three MPR images and a volume rendering image are shown. The upper frames show the vessel view including the centerline. The bottom left pane shows an image perpendicular to the centerline at the annulus plane. In this frame the three hinge points in red, green, and yellow are shown. The bottom right view shows a 3D rendered view for the aortic root and the centerline.
Fig 2.
(Left) Annulus image showing a drawn polygon with the calculated area and perimeter. (Right) Annulus image showing the drawn minimum and maximum diameter.
Fig 3.
(Left) Aortic root cross-section image showing extracted calcifications as depicted by red contours. (Right) 3D rendered maximum intensity projection view of the aortic root with calcifications displayed in white.
Table 2.
Mean and standard deviation of annulus measurements (minimum, maximum diameter, annulus aspect ratio, area, and perimeter) and aortic annulus calcification volume.
Mid-systole and end-diastole phases are gray highlighted in the table.
Fig 4.
P-value matrices showing statistically significant difference between all combinations of cardiac cycle phases for annulus minimum diameter, annulus aspect ratio, normalized annulus area, and normalized calcifications volume.
Table 3.
Average dynamic variation of annulus measurements per cardiac cycle for both subgroups (mildly annulus calcified subgroup (≤ 250 mm3) and severely annulus calcified subgroup (> 250 mm3)).
Annulus measurements included are minimum diameter, maximum diameter, annulus aspect ratio, normalized annulus area, normalized calcium volume, annulus area, and calcium volume. P-values for significant subgroup difference for dynamic variation and absolute measurements are shown in the last two rows. Severely annulus calcified subgroup is gray highlighted in the table.
Fig 5.
Average annulus minimum diameter, maximum diameter, aspect ratio, and area for all patients (dotted blue line), subgroup 1 with patients with calcium volume less than 250 mm3 (dashed red line), and subgroup 2 for calcium volume exceeding 250 mm3 (solid green line).
Fig 6.
Average normalized calcium volume for all patients (dotted blue line), patients with calcium volume lower than 250 mm3 (dashed red line), and calcium volume exceeding 250 mm3 (solid green line).
Fig 7.
(Left) Scatter plot of annulus diameter measurements of rater 1 versus rater 2. (Right) Bland–Altman plot of the agreement between rater 1 and rater 2 for the annulus minimum and maximum diameters.