Table 1.
Working names of bee hive locations and the respective Gauß-Krüger coordinates.
Fig 1.
Timeline of the study period from 18/04/12 to 20/08/12. Seven days of pollen sampling in 16 landscapes are shown in dark grey, seven periods of waggle dance observation (observation rounds) in middle grey and no data collection in light grey. Spring I—Summer III refer to the seven observation rounds as described in subsection Experimental design.
Table 2.
Land-use characteristics for 16 landscapes in a 2000 m radius around observation hives.
Means ± standard errors and ranges (%) are shown.
Fig 2.
Dry weight, richness and diversity of pollen samples.
Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). The respective relationships to landscape diversity in interaction with date are shown on the right and are not significant. Pollen was collected by honey bee colonies on seven dates in 16 landscapes.
Table 3.
Results of model selection analyzing dry weight, richness and diversity of pollen samples collected by honey bee colonies.
The 95% best models (sum of weight 0.95) per response variable are shown. Explanatory variables are D = date, L = landscape diversity, and R = observation round. Weight is the AIC weight compared to all possible models. See Fig 1 for the difference between date and observation round.
Fig 3.
Heatmap of genera composition of pollen samples at seven dates.
Each column presents an individual sample. Each row is a genus that was recorded with relative abundance values above the detection threshold at least within one sample. Darkness intensity of the cells indicate relative abundance of sequence reads within the sample, with white = 0% and black = 100%.
Fig 4.
Pollen foraging distances of honey bees in relation to landscape diversity.
Data were collected based on observation of waggle dances in eight observation rounds in 16 landscapes. Slopes significantly different from zero: · P < 0.1; ** P < 0.01. For the distribution of sampling dates, see Fig 1.