Fig 1.
Spectrograms of four Mandarin lexical tone stimuli used in the study.
Table 1.
Summary of findings of studies on Mandarin tone identification.
Fig 2.
Boxplot of tone recognition thresholds in children with NH and in children with OME.
Fig 3.
Mean audiogram based on the mean thresholds and SDs at all frequencies, for participants in each group.
A. Mean audiogram of children with NH. B. Mean audiogram of children in the OME-A group. C. Mean audiogram of children in the OME-B group.
Fig 4.
Mean tone recognition scores and SDs at different SNRs in each group.
Table 2.
Mean PTA and tone recognition threshold in each group.
Table 3.
Results from the mixed-design repeated-measure ANCOVA.
Table 4.
Results of four repeated-measure ANCOVAs.
Fig 5.
Tone recognition confusion matrices of three child groups under -12 dB SNR to -21 dB SNR.
Data were pooled from all participants in each group. For each panel of 4 × 6 cells, the rows indicate the stimuli and the columns indicate the response tone types. The grey scale in each cell and the value in it represent percentage of responses. NR: no response.