Fig 1.
Program impact pathway (PIP) of CARE-India’s enhanced package.
*AWW: Anganwadi Worker; ANM: Auxiliary Nurse Midwife ** BF: Breastfeeding; CF: Complementary Feeding.
Table 1.
Protocol for place, timing and frequency of community-based nutrition and health care provider contacts within CARE-India’s Integrated Nutrition and Health Package (INHP II)1.
Fig 2.
Flow chart of the design and timeline of evaluation visits by the research team in the intervention and comparison districts.
1 A multi-stage random sampling strategy consisted of selection of three blocks each, followed by 4 sector per block, and 5–7 anganwadi worker coverage areas per sector in the intervention and comparison districts 2 Women were enrolled during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy from May to July 2004 3 CARE’s INHP II program included the Government of India’s nutrition and health package enhanced by intensive service provider training and supportive supervision 4 Follow-up ended at 18 months of age or by June 2006, whichever time came first.
Table 2.
Program coverage and places of contacts with community-based health care providers as reported by study participants for infant feeding advice and delivery of other services at various time periods in rural Uttar Pradesh, India (2004–06).
Fig 3.
Intensity of any contacts as reported by study participants for infant feeding advice and delivery of other services at different time periods in rural Uttar Pradesh, India (2004).
Table 3.
Education about breastfeeding (BF) practices by study participants (by recall) during time intervals prior to evaluation visits in rural Uttar Pradesh, India (2004–06).
Table 4.
Recall of advice about complementary feeding (CF) practices by study participants during time intervals prior to evaluation visits in rural Uttar Pradesh, India (2004–06).
Table 5.
Health services received from any health care provider as reported by study participants at various time periods in rural Uttar Pradesh, India (2004–06).
Table 6.
Number of ante-natal care received as reported by study participants in rural Uttar Pradesh, India (2004–06).
Fig 4.
Service provider contacts and breastfeeding practices at the time of birth as obtained at the ~1 month post-partum evaluation visit.
1 From the test, there appears to be a trend in breastfeeding practices across the ordered levels of ANM contact from no contact, to contact only and contact along with maternal feeding advice 2 Avoiding prelacteal feeding include water, ghutti, jeera, pudina, honey, sugar, jaggary, juice, tea, coffee or any other watery liquids.
Fig 5.
Contact and advice by anganwadi workers and auxiliary nurse midwives during pregnancy and breastfeeding practices at the time of birth as obtained at the ~1 month post-partum evaluation visit.
1 From the statistical test for trend, there appears to be a trend in breastfeeding practices (p<0.001) across the ordered levels of ANM contact from no contact, to contact only and contact along with maternal feeding advice 2 Avoiding prelacteal feeding include water, ghutti, jeera, pudina, honey, sugar, jaggary, juice, tea, coffee or any other watery liquid.
Table 7.
Adjusted odds of optimal breastfeeding initiation practices and infant feeding practices at 6 months of age in rural Uttar Pradesh, India (2004–06).
Table 8.
Adjusted odds of age-appropriate optimal complementary feeding practices at 9, 12, 15 and 18 month of age in rural Uttar Pradesh, India (2004–06).