Table 1.
Stroke patients characteristics.
Fig 1.
(A) Participant (blindfolded) holding the handle of H-Man, the robotic device employed in the study. (B) Experimental procedure: starting from the initial position (1), H-Man placed the handle on the target position and held it there for 2 seconds (2), after which the handle was returned to the initial position to start the new movement towards the same target (3), which was stopped via a hand-held button by the investigator when the participant verbally indicated that the position of the handle matched the target (4). The handle was then returned to the initial position for the following trial.
Fig 2.
(A) Box-plot of absolute errors for the two groups. (B) Mean absolute errors in the 3 directions for the two groups, where the gray squares represent data from the control group and black circles represent stroke patients. (C) Absolute errors for each patient and mean value of the control subjects.
Table 2.
Pairwise comparisons of absolute errors between each subject and the control group in the 3 directions.
Mean differences are evaluated as Control-S. Significant differences are marked with an asterisk.
Fig 3.
(A) Box-plot of signed errors for the two groups. (B) Mean signed errors in the 3 directions for the two groups, where the gray squares represent data from the control group and black circles represent stroke patients. (C) Signed errors for each patient and mean value of the control subjects.
Table 3.
Pairwise comparisons of signed errors between each subject and the control group in the 3 directions.
Mean differences are evaluated as Control-S. Significant differences are marked with an asterisk.
Fig 4.
(A) Box-plot of variability for the two groups. (B) Mean variability in the 3 directions for the two groups, where the gray squares represents data from the control group and black circles represent stroke patients.