Fig 1.
A Time line of the experiment with the timing of different blood samples. Blue area corresponds to the DI phase. BDC: baseline data collection; DI: dry immersion; R: recovery. B A volunteer in the DI bath.
Table 1.
Serum markers for different metabolic pathways during the 3-day dry immersion and/or after 24 h- recovery.
Table 2.
Serum markers for bone turnover and bone metabolism regulators during the 3-day dry immersion and after 3 h- recovery.
Fig 2.
Effect of dry immersion on bone metabolism.
Changes in bone resorption (at left) and formation or mineralization (at right) markers during dry immersion. Values are expressed as medians ± interquartile range for n = 12 except for NTx* which was made for n = 6 only. a,b,c indicate significant differences vs. BDC, DI24h and DI48h, respectively. CTx: C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen; NTx: N-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen; TRAP5b: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b; P1CP: procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide; P1NP: procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide; bAP: bone alkaline phosphatase.
Fig 3.
Effect of dry immersion on the different forms of osteocalcin and on the insulinic response.
At Top, changes in carboxylated (Gla-OC) and decarboxylated (Glu-OC) forms of osteocalcin during dry immersion. At middle, changes in values of glucose and insulin during dry immersion. At bottom, changes in values of IGF1 and visfatin during dry immersion. Values are medians ± interquartile range for n = 12. a,b,c indicate significant differences vs. BDC, DI24h and DI48h, respectively; a’ different vs. BDC p<0.10.
Fig 4.
Association between biochemical blood markers.
Spearman correlations between percent changes at DI48h in bone and energy metabolism parameters for n = 12 except for NTx* which was made for n = 6 only. Changes are expressed in percent from BDC. OPN: osteopontin; usCRP: ultrasensitive C-reactive protein; P1CP: procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide; CTx: C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen; OC: osteocalcin; Gal-OC and Glu-OC: carboxylated and uncarboxlalted forms of OC, respectively; NTx: N-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen; usCRP: ultrasensitive C-reactive protein; FGF23: fibroblast growth factor 23.