Table 1.
Details of primers and their amplification conditions used in the study.
Table 2.
Summary of sequence characteristics of the different barcodes and their combinations used in this study.
Fig 1.
Mean intra- and inter-specific genetic distances of evaluated DNA regions based on the K2P model of nucleotide substitution.
The x-axis reports the different DNA barcodes used either alone or in combination and the y-axis refers to mean K2P distance values.
Fig 2.
Relative distribution of intra-specific and inter-specific distances for all the single and combination of tested barcodes in Terminalia.
x-axes denote K2P distances arranged in intervals, and the y-axes denote the percentage of occurrences.
Fig 3.
Identification success rates obtained using barcoding gap, best close match, NJ tree and ML tree methods for the DNA barcodes evaluated in this study.
Fig 4.
Barcode gap plot for the single and multilocus barcodes.
Distance to nearest neighbour (NN) vs. maximum intra-specific K2P distances for the individual (A) and the combined (B) barcode regions. Each dot represents one or several individuals since they share identical values of intra-specific and inter-specific distances. Dots above the 1:1 line indicated the presence of a barcode gap. Due to the range of distances between analysed regions, the graphs presented are drawn to individual scales, according to the loci being compared.
Table 3.
Identification success rates based on analysis of the ‘best match’, ‘best close match’ and ‘all species barcodes’ function of TaxonDNA software for each DNA barcoding marker and its combinations.
Fig 5.
Neighbour-joining 50% majority-rule consensus tree using ITS DNA barcode.
Fig 6.
Neighbour-joining 50% majority-rule consensus tree using matK DNA barcode.
Fig 7.
Strict consensus tree showing the relationship of Terminalia species resulting from Neighbour-joining analysis using the barcode matK+ITS.
Fig 8.
Maximum parsimony tree constructed using matK+ITS showing species resolution rates in terms of multi-locus barcode.
Table 4.
The frequencies of correct identification (CI) for all samples based on sequence similarity method, pair-wise genetic distance method and tree-based analysis.