Fig 1.
Summary of risk factors during pregnancy associated with postpartum depression [6–13].
Table 1.
Differences in sociodemographic, obstetrics variables and depression symptomatology between women with postpartum depression and without postpartum depression.
Table 2.
Mean differences on stress and psychopathological symptoms with interaction effects between groups*trimesters.
Fig 2.
SCL-90-R scores throughout pregnancy in both groups.
Note. SOMS = Somatization; OBS = Obsessive-compulsive; SEN = Interpersonal sensitivity; DEP = Depression; ANX = Anxiety; HOS = Hostility; PHOB = Phobic anxiety; PAR = Paranoid ideation; PSI = Psychoticism; GSI = Global severity index; PST = Positive symptoms total; PSDI = Positive symptoms distress index; PPD = Postpartum depression; NO PPD = No postpartum depression.
Fig 3.
Hair cortisol levels differences (pg/mg) in each trimester between women with and without postpartum depression symptoms.
Note. *Significant at the p ≤ .05 level.
Table 3.
Maternal hair cortisol levels and sex of the fetus.