Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients.
Fig 1.
CD133/Nestin/CD34 Expression in Glioblastoma, CD133 (Purple), Nestin (Red), CD34 (Green). Nuclei are Counter stained with DAPI (Blue).
(A) microvascular sprouting (MS), many Nestin and CD133 positive cells are scattered; (B) vascular cluster (VC), the Nestin and CD133 positive cells have a regional maldistribution; (C) vascular garland (VG), a mass of Nestin positive cells are accumulated as a cluster. Nestin was expressed not only on GSCs but also in the brain capillaries on endothelial cells, and CD133 positive cells accumulated around the blood vessels; (D) glomeruloid vascular proliferation (GVP), with a large number of Nestin and CD133 positive cells in the periphery of vessels and fewer in the avascular area. Nuclei are always counterstained with DAPI (Blue).
Table 2.
Characteristics of different markers in glioblastoma microvascular patterns.
Fig 2.
CD34, CD133, Nestin, α-SMA, GFAP and CD14 Area fraction in the different microvascular patterns.
(A) CD34, in addition to MS&VC and VG&GVP are no significant difference (p>0.05), the other multiple comparisons are statistically significant. (B) (C) Nestin and CD133, the multiple comparisons are statistically significant besides MS&VC. (D) α-SMA, the pairwise Comparison of the α-SMA area fraction in the different microvascular patterns are statistically significant. (E) (F) GFAP and CD14, the pairwise Comparison of the area fraction aren’t statistically significant. Horizontal lines denote the mean and standard error of mean. * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001.
Fig 3.
Nestin/α-SMA/CD34 Expression in Glioblastoma, α-SMA (Purple), Nestin (Red), CD34 (Green).
(A) microvascular sprouting (MS), some of the CD31 positive blood vessels express α-SMA, but others do not; (B) vascular cluster (VC), many α-SMA positive cells surround VC; (C) vascular garland (VG), where most of the α-SMA positive cells accumulated around the blood vessels; (D) glomeruloid vascular proliferation (GVP), a large number of α-SMA positive cells were detected in the periphery of vessels, but fewer were present in the avascular area. Some Nestin positive cells co-expressed α-SMA. Nuclei are always counterstained with DAPI (Blue).
Fig 4.
GFAP/CD14/CD34 Expression in Glioblastoma, CD14 (Purple), GFAP (Red), CD34 (Green).
(A) microvascular sprouting (MS); (B) vascular cluster (VC); (C) vascular garland (VG); (D) glomeruloid vascular proliferation (GVP). Most of the GFAP and CD14 positive cells had a dispersive distribution in MS, VC, VG and GVP, and some GFAP positive cells accumulated around the blood vessels. Nuclei are Counterstained with DAPI (Blue).
Fig 5.
Characteristics of MVPNs though the classification of four different vascular patterns.
(A) microvascular sprouting niche, (B) vascular cluster niche, (C) vascular garland niche, (D) glomeruloid vascular proliferation niche.