Table 1.
Main demographic and clinical data of patients with Tourette syndrome.
OCBs: obsessive-compulsive behaviour. OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Fig 1.
Subject performed with eyes closed a finger opposition movement task (opposition of thumb to index, medium, ring and little fingers), following an acoustic cue set at 2 Hz. The task was executed with right hand only (single hand task; RH-S) or both the right (RH-B) and left (LH-B) hands simultaneously (bimanual task). The analysis was planned to study for movement lateralization and bimanual coordination.
Fig 2.
Regions of interest-seeded tractography.
Fig 2A shows the callosal fibre tracts interconnecting the primary motor area (M1) of the two hemispheres, whereas Fig 2B shows the callosal fibre tracts interconnecting of the supplementary motor area (SMA) of the two hemispheres.
Fig 3.
Motor behaviour parameters in healthy subjects (HS) and patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) during the execution of single- hand finger sequence with the right hand (RH-S) and during bimanual finger sequence with the right (RH-B) hand.
A–B: ordinate, value of TD and ITI in milliseconds; C: ordinate, % of CORRECT MOVEMENTS in percentage on total movements. Means ± standard errors of mean (SEM) of data are shown. Asterisks indicate when statistical analysis showed a significant difference (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01).
Fig 4.
Fig 4A shows the lateralization index of the % CORRECT MOVEMENTS in healthy subjects (HS) and patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS), calculated as [% CORR MOV RH-B–% CORR MOV RH-S / % CORR MOV RH-S x 100].
Means ± standard errors of mean (SEM) of data are shown. Asterisks indicate when statistical analysis showed a significant difference (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). Fig 4B shows the correlation between the lateralization index of the % CORRECT MOVEMENTS (X-axis) and the YGTSS/50 score (Y-axis) in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS).
Fig 5.
Correlation between the lateralization index of the % CORRECT MOVEMENTS (X-axis) and the FA SMA-SMA tract (Y-axis) in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) (Fig 5A) and healthy subjects (HS) (Fig 5B).