Table 1.
Study design.
Table 2.
Bone histomorphometric parameters measured in this study.
Fig 1.
The effects of (A) PA21, (B) sevelamer hydrochloride, and (C) lanthanum carbonate hydrate on serum creatinine level.
At day 29, administration of the investigated drugs was started. Each dot in the figures shows the mean value ± standard error of eight to 10 animals. SH, sevelamer hydrochloride; LC, lanthanum carbonate hydrate. ##P < 0.01, Aspin-Welch’s t-test between the normal and control groups.
Table 3.
AUC0–28 day of serum biochemical parameters during treatment period.
Fig 2.
The effects of (A) PA21, (B) sevelamer hydrochloride, and (C) lanthanum carbonate hydrate on serum phosphorus level.
At day 29, administration of the investigated drugs was started. Each dot in the figures shows the mean value ± standard error of eight to 10 animals. SH, sevelamer hydrochloride; LC, lanthanum carbonate hydrate. #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01, Student’s or Aspin-Welch’s t-test between the normal and control groups. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, Dunnett’s or Steel’s multiple comparison tests between the control and the investigated drug administered groups.
Fig 3.
The effects of (A) PA21, (B) sevelamer hydrochloride, and (C) lanthanum carbonate hydrate on serum calcium level.
At day 29, administration of the investigated drugs was started. Each dot in the figures shows the mean value ± standard error of eight to 10 animals. SH, sevelamer hydrochloride; LC, lanthanum carbonate hydrate. #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01, Student’s or Aspin-Welch’s t-test between the normal and control groups. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, Dunnett’s or Steel’s multiple comparison tests between the control and the investigated drug administered groups.
Fig 4.
The effects of (A) PA21, (B) sevelamer hydrochloride, and (C) lanthanum carbonate hydrate on serum PTH level.
Each dot in the figures shows the mean value ± standard error of eight to 10 animals. SH, sevelamer hydrochloride; LC, lanthanum carbonate hydrate. #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01, Aspin-Welch’s t-test between the normal and control groups. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, Dunnett’s or Steel’s multiple comparison tests between the control and the investigated drug administered groups.
Fig 5.
Representative images of the proximal femur of normal or CRF rats after four weeks of treatment with normal or 5% PA21 containing diet.
The sections (6 μm) were cut and stained with a Villanueva-Goldner stain for bright-field microscopy. Representative images (low and high magnification) from some groups are presented. (A) Normal group (low magnification), (B) normal group (high magnification), (C) control group (low magnification), (D) control group (high magnification), (E) 5% PA21 group (low magnification), and (F) 5% PA21 group (high magnification). These sections demonstrate mature bone (yellowish green), immature (red) and other bone structure.
Fig 6.
Effects of PA21, sevelamer hydrochloride, and lanthanum carbonate hydrate on (A) OV, (B) Fb.V, and (C) Ct.Po.
Each column of the figures shows the mean value ± standard error of nine to 10 animals. SH, sevelamer hydrochloride; LC, lanthanum carbonate hydrate. #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01, Aspin-Welch’s t-test between the normal and control groups. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, Aspin-Welch’s t-test between the control and the investigated drug administered groups.
Table 4.
Effects of PA21, sevelamer hydrochloride, and lanthanum carbonate hydrate on trabecular bone histomorphometric parameters.
Table 5.
Effects of PA21, sevelamer hydrochloride, and lanthanum carbonate hydrate on cortical bone histomorphometric parameters.